Alternativas de control biorracionales sobre Phytophthora infestans, fitopatógeno causante de la gota en papa.

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Autores

Jessica Johanna Cruz Trujillo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-3079
Valentina Hernández Gutiérrez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-6840
Ligia Consuelo Sánchez Leal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-1326
Luz Stella Fuentes Quintero https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-870X

Resumen

La gota de la papa o tizón tardío es una de las enfermedades más agresivas que atacan los cultivos de papa y en poco tiempo los destruye, ocasionando enormes pérdidas económicas, es producida por el fitopatógeno Phytophthora infestans, oomyceto que ha tomado gran importancia debido a sus efectos devastadores y las dificultades para lograr su erradicación. Los fungicidas de naturaleza química representan un problema debido al uso inadecuado, lo que hace muy difícil eliminar la enfermedad por la aparición de nuevas especies resistentes. Existen nuevas alternativas para su control, basadas en el uso de sustancias de naturaleza vegetal, y la aplicación de nuevas herramientas capaces de realizar edición de genes, reprogramar o eliminar secuencias de ADN/ARN, favoreciendo así, la obtención de cultivos libres de sustancias tóxicas. En esta revisión, se presentan los métodos existentes de biocontrol: como aceites esenciales, metabolitos microbianos, herramientas moleculares y el uso de sustancias biodegradables que favorecen el manejo y prevención de plagas, que ayudan a mitigar la problemática ambiental generada por el uso de fungicidas de naturaleza química.

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