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A universidade na África do Sul tornou-se um lugar chave para as lutas no ano de 2015. Os professores e diretivos das universidades, assim como o governo, foram pegos por surpresa quando os estudantes se engajaram como cidadãos insurgentes, demandando uma descolonização imediata da Universidade. Aquilo que começou como o Movimento Rhodes deve Cair (RMF-Rhodes Must Fall), cujo alvo era a estátua de Ceceil John Rhodes na Universidade de Capetown, rapidamente se expandiu em direção a demandas mais amplas de justiça cognitiva, mudança de curriculum, retirada de símbolos coloniais ofensivos e do apartheid, direito à educação gratuita de qualidade, liberdade cultural e uma mudança integral do senso comum que reforça a origem ocidental da universidade na África para assim conceber uma Universidade Africana. O presente artigo estuda por que a universidade na África do Sul se tornou um lugar de luta e, ao mesmo tempo, explica os atuais protestos estudantis. No primeiro nível, o artigo localiza e teoriza o RMF dentro de um contexto mais amplo da crise euro-norte-americano-centrada e da modernidade assim como a história dos protestos na África que, por sua vez, abrange três fases dos protestos anticoloniais dos anos 1950 e 1960, a antiausteridade e os limites dos protestos reformistas dos anos 1980 e 1990, e os atuais levantes na África. Em outro nível, o artigo faz uma análise histórica e teoriza sobre os movimentos RMF no contexto da discutida ideia da África do Sul medida pelo «paradigma da diferença» e pelas práticas da «impossibilidade da co-presença». Em suma, o artigo fornece um quadro teórico e histórico sistemático e uma interpretação do terreno na qual o significado mais profundo dos atuais movimentos estudantis pode ser forjado.
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