Show authors biography
This article aims to remind readers how distressing decolonization is. Decolonization brings with it the repatriation of Indigenous life and land. It is not a metaphor of other things we want to do to advance our societies. An easy adoption of the decolonizing discourse –which is made evident in the increasing number of calls to «decolonizing our schools», using “decolonizing methods” or “decolonizing thinking”– turns decolonization into a metaphor. No matter how significant its goals, social justice, critical methodologies, or approaches, decentralizing the settler’s perspective has a set of goals that may be incommensurable with decolonization. Since settler colonialism is built upon a tangled triadic settler-native-slave structure, white, non-white, migrant, post-colonial, and oppressed people’s decolonial desires may get similarly entangled throughout resettlement, re-occupation, and reinsertion, which are indeed promoting settler’s colonialism. Turning decolonization into a metaphor allows for a series of evasions, or “settlers’ moves to innocence”, which problematically attempt to reconcile settler’s guilt and complicity, thus rescuing settler’s futurity. This article analyzes varied settlers’ moves to innocence in order to foster “an ethics of incommensurability”, acknowledging what is different and sovereign for decolonization projects as related to social justice projects based on human and citizen’s rights. Also, we point out some concerning issues in transnational/ Third World decolonization, abolition, and critical space-place pedagogies, challenging coalescing efforts for social justice, giving room to potential more significant alliances.
Article visits 240 | PDF visits 198
Downloads
- Ahmed, S. (2000). Strange encounters: Embodied others in postcoloniality. New York: Routledge.
- Aiken, C. S. (1990). A new type of black ghetto in the plantation South. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 80(2), 223-246.
- Alexander, J. (2002). Remembering this bridge, remembering ourselves. En G. Anzaldúa & A. Keating (Eds.), This place we call home: Radical visions for transformation (pp. 81-103). New York: Routledge.
- Anderson, B. R. O. G. (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
- Arvin, M., Tuck, E., y Morrill, A. (2013). Decolonizing feminism: Challenging connections between settler colonialism and heteropatriarchy. Feminist Formations, 25(1), 8-34.
- Bang, M. E. (2009). Understanding students’ epistemologies: Examining practice and meaning in community contexts. (Dissertation Abstracts International, 70-12.)
- Barker, A.J. (2009). The contemporary reality of Canadian imperialism, settler colonialism, and the hybrid colonial state. The American Indian Quarterly, 33(3) pp. 325-351.
- Belin, E. G. (1999). Bluesing on the Brown vibe. En From the belly of my beauty: Poems. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 3-6.Bottom of Form
- Berger, B.R. (2004). Indian policy and the imagined Indian woman. Kansas Journal of Law and Public Policy 14, 103-115.
- Blackburn, R. (2006). Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of the Democratic Revolution. The William and Mary Quarterly, 63, 4, 643-674.
- Blow, C. (May 25, 2012). Plantations, Prisons and Profits. Nytimes.com. Acceso: 4 de junio, 2012 en http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/opinion/blow-plantations-prisonsand-profits.html?_r=1&smid=fb-share
- Bruyneel, K. (2007). The Third space of Sovereignty: The Postcolonial politics of U.S.- Indigenous relations. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Bruyneel, K. (2004). Challenging American Boundaries: Indigenous People and the “Gift” of U.S. Citizenship. Studies in American Political Development, 18, 30-43.
- Butterfield, L. H. (January 01, 1954). Cooper’s Inheritance: The Otsego country and its founders. New York History, 35, 374-411.
- Byrd, J. A. (2011). The transit of empire: Indigenous critiques of colonialism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Central Intelligence Agency. (12 de mayo, 2012). Haiti. The World Factbook. Acceso: 4 de junio, 2012, de https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html
- Césaire, A., & Kelley, R. D. G. (2000). Discourse on colonialism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Chang, C. (May 13, 2012). Louisiana is the world’s prison capital. The Time-Picayune. Nola.com. Acceso: 23 de agosto, 2012 en http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2012/05/louisiana_is_the_worlds_prison.html
- Childs, D. (2009). “You Ain’t Seen Nothin’ Yet”: Beloved, the American Chain Gang, and the Middle Passage Remix. American Quarterly, 61, 2, 271-297.
- Cobb, J. C. (1992). The most southern place on earth: The Mississippi Delta and the roots of regional identity. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Cooper, J. F. (2000). The last of the Mohicans (Volume 2). Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia.
- Deer, S. (2010). Relocation revisited: Sex trafficking of native women in the United States. William Mitchell Law Review, 36, 2, 621-683.
- Deer, S. (2009). Decolonizing rape law: A native feminist synthesis of safety and sovereignty. Wicazo Sa Review, 24, 2.
- Deloria, Jr. V. (1988). Custer died for your sins: An Indian manifesto. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
- Deloria, P. (1998). Playing Indian. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Equivocation. (2001). Etymonline. Douglas Harper. Acceso: 4 de junio, 2012, de http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=equivocation
- Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. Grove Press.
- Fellows, M. L. and Razack, S. (1998). The race to innocence: Confronting hierarchical relations among women. Iowa Law Review.
- Fiske, W. (August 18, 2004). The black-and-white world of Walter Ashby Plecker. Hamptonroads.com. Acceso: 4 de junio, 2012, de http://hamptonroads.com/2004/08/blackandwhite-world-walter-ashby-plecker
- Ford, L. (2010). Settler sovereignty: Jurisdiction and indigenous people in America and Australia, 1788-1836. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
- Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
- Friedel, T. L. (2011). Looking for learning in all the wrong places: Urban Native youths’ cultured response to Western-oriented place-based learning. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 24, 5, 531-546.
- Fujikane, C. (2012). Asian American critique and Moana Nui 2011: securing a future beyond empires, militarized capitalism and APEC. Inter-asia Cultural Studies, 13, 2, 189-210.
- Fujikane, C., & Okamura, J. Y. (2008). Asian settler colonialism: From local governance to the habits of everyday life in Hawai’i. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
- Gallay, A. (2009). Indian slavery in colonial America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Gaynor, T. (29 de febrero, 2012) Navajo file trademark suit against Urban Outfitters. Reuters. Last accessed June 3, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/29/usnavajo-urbanoutfitters-idUSTRE81S2IT20120229
- Goeman, M. (2008). From Place to Territories and Back Again: Centering Storied Land in the discussion of Indigenous Nation-building. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, 1, 1, 23-34.
- Goeman, M. R., & Denetdale, J. R. (2009). Native Feminisms: Legacies, Interventions, and Indigenous Sovereignties [Special Issue]. Wicazo Sa Review, 24, 2, 9-187.
- Grande, S. (2004). Red pedagogy: Native American social and political thought. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Harjo, J. (2004). No. Accessed Aug. 1, 2012 at: http://www.joyharjo.com/news/2004/09/no.html
- Hastings, A.W. (2007). L. Frank Baum’s editorials on Sioux Nation, academic website, last accessed June 3, 2012 at http://web.archive.org/web/20071209193251/http://www.northern.edu/hastingw/baumedts.htm
- Highest Common Denominator Media Group. (2009). The farm, 10 down. [DVD]. Highest Common Denominator Media Group.
- Intertribal Friendship House (Oakland, Calif.). & Lobo, S. (2002). Urban voices: The Bay Area American Indian community. Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press.
- Jacobs, A. (2009). Undoing the harm of white supremacy. Masters Thesis, The Gallatin School, New York University.
- Kawagley, A. O. (2010). Prefacio. En R. Barnhardt & A.O. Kawagley, (Eds.), Alaska Native education: Views from within. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Knowledge Network, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
- Latour, F. (June 1 2012). The myth of Native American blood. Boston.com, Last accessed June 4, 2012 at http://www.boston.com/community/blogs/hyphenated_life/2012/06/the_myth_of_native_american_bl.html
- Lee, T. S. (2011). Teaching Native youth, teaching about Native Peoples: Shifting the paradigm to socioculturally responsive education. En A.F. Ball & C. A. Tyson (Eds.), Studying Diversity in Teacher Education (pp. 275-293). Lanham, Maryland: Towman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
- Lomawaima, K. T. & McCarty, T. L. (2006). To Remain an Indian: Lessons in democracy from a century of Native American education. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press.
- Maldonado, T. N. (2008). Against war: Views from the underside of modernity. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Marez, C. (2007). Looking Beyond Property. Rikkyo American Studies, 279, pp. 9-28.
- Mawhinney, J. (1998). ‘Giving up the ghost’: Disrupting the (re)production of white privilege in anti-racist pedagogy and organizational change. Masters Thesis, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.
- McCoy, K., Tuck, E., & McKenzie, M. (Eds.). (2017). Land education: Rethinking pedagogies of place from Indigenous, postcolonial, and decolonizing perspectives. New York: Routledge.
- Memmi, A. (1991). The colonizer and the colonized. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
- Meyer, M. A. (2008). Indigenous and authentic: Hawaiian epistemology and the triangulation of meaning. En N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, & L. T. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of critical and Indigenous methodologies (pp. 217-232). Los Angeles: Sage.
- Morgensen, S. L. (2011). Spaces between us: Queer settler colonialism and indigenous decolonization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Moten, F. (2008). Black Op. PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 123, 5.
- Moten, F., & Harney, S. (2004). The University and the Undercommons: Seven Theses. Social Text, 79, 101-116.
- Moten, F., & Harney, S. (2010). Debt and Study. E-flux, 14, 14, 1-5.
- Neegangwedgin, E. (2012). Chattling the Indigenous other: A historical examination of the enslavement of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. AlterNative 8(1).
- Razack, S. (2002). Race, space, and the law. Toronto, Ont. Canada: Between the Lines.
- Razack, S. (2007), Stealing the pain of others: Reflections on Canadian humanitarian responses. The Review of Education, Pedagogy and Culture Studies (29), 375-394.
- Richardson, T. (2011). Navigating the problem of inclusion as enclosure in Native culturebased education: Theorizing shadow curriculum. Curriculum Inquiry, 41(3), 332-349.
- Ross, L. (1998). Inventing the savage: The social construction of Native American criminality. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Roy, A. (2012, March 26). Capitalism: A Ghost story. Outlook India Magazine, online. Last Accessed June 3, 2012 at http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?280234#.T2pIet94UTk
- Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
- Saranillio, D.I. (2010a). Kēwaikaliko’s Benocide: Reversing the Imperial Gaze of Rice v. Cayetano and its Legal Progeny. American Quarterly, 62, 3, 457-476.
- Saranillio, D.I. (2010b). Colliding Histories: Hawai‘i Statehood at the Intersection of Asians “Ineligible to Citizenship” and Hawaiians “Unfit for Self-Government”. Journal of Asian American Studies, 13, 3, 283-309.
- Schuller, M. (2007). Haiti’s 200-Year Ménage-à-Trois: Globalization, the State, and Civil Society. Caribbean Studies, 35, 1.
- Shapiro, T. M. (2004). The hidden cost of being African American: How wealth perpetuates inequality. New York, Oxford University Press.
- Silva, D. F. (2007). Toward a global idea of race. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Somerville, Siobhan. “Staging Citizenship: Race and the Queer History of Naturalization in the U.S.”
- Spiegel, M. (1988). The dreaded comparison. Mirror Books.
- Spivak, G. C. 1985. Scattered speculations on the question of value. Diacritics, 15(4), 73–93.
- Tuck, E. & Ree, C. (2013). A Glossary of haunting. En (Holman-Jones, S., Adams, T. & Ellis, C., (Eds.), Handbook of Autoethnography (pp. 639-658). SAGE Publications.
- Villegas, M. (11 de abril, 2012). Data quality as an essential element of sovereignty: Education researchers linking hands with policymakers. Artículo presentado en la Conferencia Hands Forward: Sharing Indigenous Intellectual Traditions, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canadá.
- Voeltz, F. (25 de abril, 2012). body of work / when you take away punctuation. Detail collector. http://frantelope.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/body-of-work-when-you-takeaway-punctuation/
- Watson, I. 2007. ‘Settled and unsettled spaces: Are we free to roam?’ En A. MoretonRobinson (Ed.), Sovereign subjects: Indigenous sovereignty matters. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin, Australia.
- Wolfe, P. (2007). Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. Journal of Genocide Research, 8(4), 387 - 409.