Evaluation of the genetic stability of Leptospira reference strains maintained under two conservation methods
Artículo barra lateral
PDF
FLIP
Sección: Artículo Original
Cómo citar
Patiño Burbano, R., Beltran, O., Torres Higuera, L., & Rodríguez Bautista, J. (2022). Evaluation of the genetic stability of Leptospira reference strains maintained under two conservation methods. NOVA, 20(39), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.6585
Formatos de citación
Contenido principal del artículo
Autores
Rocio Esperanza Patiño Burbano
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-2434
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-2434
Oscar Gabriel Beltran
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-7177
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-7177
Ligia Denise Torres Higuera
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-6529
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-6529
Jose Luis Rodríguez Bautista
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-171X
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-171X
Resumen
Las metodologías para el mantenimiento de cepas de referencia de Leptospira spp., requieren técnicas de conservación capaces de garantizar la viabilidad, evitar la contaminación y mantener las características genéticas originales de las cepas. La diversidad en los procesos de reorganización genética de Leptospira spp., hacen necesario el desarrollo de metodologías moleculares que permitan el seguimiento de la estabilidad genética de las cepas, bajo los diferentes métodos de conservación. Este estudio determinó el grado de conservación de los genes 16S rRNA y ompL1 de 10 serovares de referencia de la colección de Leptospira spp., pertenecientes al Sistema de Bancos de Germoplasma de la nación para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (SBGNAA); lo que permitió corroborar que estos no han sufrido cambios considerables, puesto que se evidenciaron similitudes superiores al 99,69% para 16S rRNA y de 99,02% para ompL1, en los alineamientos pareados, lo que comprueba la estabilidad genética y la pureza de las cepas de referencia de Leptospira spp., mantenidas en criopreservación en nitrógeno líquido a -196 °C y a temperatura ambiente durante ocho años aproximadamente
Palabras clave:
Detalles del artículo
Licencia
NOVA por http://www.unicolmayor.edu.co/publicaciones/index.php/nova se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.
Así mismo, los autores mantienen sus derechos de propiedad intelectual sobre los artículos.
Referencias
1. Prabhu N, Prabhu SS, Thanveer M, Revathi N, Josna N, Darsana R, et al. Differentiation of parasitic and saprophytic leptospirae by oxidase test - A hasty modus operandi. African J Microbiol Res. 2009;3(5):212-4.
2. Wuthiekanun V, Amornchai P, Paris DH, Langla S, Thaipadunpanit J, Chierakul W, et al. Rapid Isolation and Susceptibility Testing of Leptospira spp. Using a New Solid Medium, LVW Agar. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(1):297-302.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01812-12
3. Ferreira AS, Costa P, Rocha T, Amaro A, Vieira ML, Ahmed A, et al. Direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic Leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time PCR approach. PLoS One. 2014;9(11).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112312
4. Cerqueira GM, Picardeau M. A century of Leptospira strain typing. Infect Genet Evol. 2009;9(5):760-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.009
5. Balamurugan V, Gangadhar NL, Mohandoss N, Thirumalesh SRA, Dhar M, Shome R, et al. Characterization of leptospira isolates from animals and humans: Phylogenetic analysis identifies the prevalence of intermediate species in India. Springerplus. 2013;2(1):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-362
6. Mgode GF, Machang RS, Collares-pereira M, Vieira ML, Goris MG a, Engelbert M, et al. Challenges in determining the pathogenicity status of Leptospira isolates with phenotypic methods : The need for a polyvalent approach. African J Microbiol Res. 2010;4(23):2528-33.
7. Chang YF, Chen CS, Palaniappan RUM, He H, McDonough SP, Barr SC, et al. Immunogenicity of the recombinant leptospiral putative outer membrane proteins as vaccine candidates. Vaccine. 2007;25(48):8190-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.020
8. Boonsilp S, Thaipadungpanit J, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Bailey MS, Holden MTG, et al. A Single Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Scheme for Seven Pathogenic Leptospira Species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(1).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001954
9. Boonsilp S, Thaipadungpanit J, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Limmathurotsakul D, et al. Molecular detection and speciation of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in blood from patients with culture-negative leptospirosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11(1):338.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-338
10. Vincent AT, Schiettekatte O, Goarant C, Neela VK, Bernet E, Thibeaux R, et al. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 May 1;13(5).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007270
11. Masuzawa T, Saito M, Nakao R, Nikaido Y, Matsumoto M, Ogawa M, et al. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Leptospira johnsonii sp. nov., Leptospira ellinghausenii sp. nov. and Leptospira ryugenii sp. nov. isolated from soil and water in Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2019;63(3-4):89-99.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12671
12. Caimi K, Ruybal P. Leptospira spp., a genus in the stage of diversity and genomic data expansion. Infect Genet Evol. 2020;81(August 2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104241
13. Cilia, Giovanni; Bertelloni F, Albini S, Fratini F. Insight into the Epidemiology of Leptospirosis : A Review of. Animals. 2021;11(191):1-16.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010191
14. Guglielmini J, Bourhy P, Schiettekatte O, Zinini F, Brisse S, Picardeau M. Genus-wide Leptospira core genome multilocus sequence typing for strain taxonomy and global surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(4):1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007374
15. Koval AA, Brihuega BF, Grune Loffler S, López S, Saint Martin M, Lagioia GG, et al. First isolation of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type Hardjo Bovis from a clinical case in cattle in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2020;52(3):198-201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2019.10.002
16. Miller E, Barragan V, Chiriboga J, Weddell C, Luna L, Jiménez DJ, et al. Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador. BMC Microbiol. 2021;21(1):1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y
17. Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Wilson P, Seemann T, McGrath A, Cullen PA, et al. Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2006;103(39):14560-5.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603979103
18. Ren SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, et al. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature. 2003;422(6934):888-93.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01597
19. Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, et al. Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. PLoS One. 2008;3(2):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001607
20. Nascimento A, Ko A, Martins E, Monteiro B, Ho P, Haake D, et al. Comparative Genomics of Two Leptospira interrogans Serovars Reveals Novel Insights into Physiology and Pathogenesis. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(7):2164-72.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004
21. Haake DA, Chao G, Zuerner RL, Barnett JK, Barnett D, Mazel M, et al. The leptospiral major outer membrane protein LipL32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection. Infect Immun. 2000;68(4):2276-85.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.4.2276-2285.2000
22. Philip N, Garba B, Neela VK. Long-term preservation of Leptospira spp.: challenges and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(13):5427-35.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9047-9
23. Cerqueira GM, McBride AJ., Queiroz A, Pinto LS, Silva ÉF, Hartskeerl RA, et al. Monitoring Leptospira strain collections: The need for quality control. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82(1):83-7.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0558
24. Borrero R, Batista N, Blain K, Valdés Y. Conservación de cepas vacunales de Leptospira en nitrógeno líquido. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2010;62(2):130-7.
25. Borrero R, González A, del Puerto C, Batista N, Valdés Y. Conservación de cepas vacunales de Leptospira a -70 oC. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2006;58(1):50-5.
26. Kim M, Oh HS, Park SC, Chun J. Towards a taxonomic coherence between average nucleotide identity and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for species demarcation of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2014;64(PART 2):346-51.
https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059774-0
27. Morey RE, Galloway RL, Bragg SL, Steigerwalt AG, Mayer LW, Levett PN. Species-specific identification of Leptospiraceae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(10):3510-6.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00670-06
28. Cerqueira GM, McBride AJA, Hartskeerl RA, Ahmed N, Dellagostin OA, Eslabão MR, et al. Bioinformatics describes novel loci for high resolution discrimination of Leptospira isolates. PLoS One. 2010;5(10).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015335
29. Haake DA, Suchard MA, Kelley MM, Dundoo M, Alt DP, Zuerner RL. Molecular evolution and mosaicism of leptospiral outer membrane proteins involves horizontal DNA transfer. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(9):2818-28.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.9.2818-2828.2004
30. Rajapakse S, Rodrigo C, Handunnetti SM, Fernando DD. Current immunological and molecular tools for leptospirosis: Diagnostics, vaccine design, and biomarkers for predicting severity. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2015;14(1):1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-014-0060-2
31. Feng CY, Li QT, Zhang XY, Dong K, Hu BY, Guo XK. Immune strategies using single-component LipL32 and multi-component recombinant LipL32-41-OmpL1 vaccines against leptospira. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2009;42(9):796-803.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000013
32. Lin X, Sun A, Ruan P, Zhang Z, Yan J. Characterization of conserved combined T and B cell epitopes in leptospira interrogans major outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41. BMC Microbiol. 2011;11(1):21.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-21
33. OIE. Leptospirosis. In: Terrestrial Manual. 2018. p. 503-16.
34. Fearnley C, Wakeley PR, Gallego-Beltran J, Dalley C, Williamson S, Gaudie C, et al. The development of a real-time PCR to detect pathogenic Leptospira species in kidney tissue. Res Vet Sci. 2008;85(1):8-16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.09.005
35. Suzuki MT, Giovannoni SJ. Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996;62(2):2-8.
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.2.625-630.1996
36. Rosario LA, Arencibia DF, Batista N, Jirón W, Suárez YE, Infante JF. Caracterización de aislamientos clínicos de leptospira por métodos fenotípicos y moleculares en la república de nicaragua. Vaccimonitor. 2012;21(3):6-12.
37. Braun RC, Pedretti KT, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Birkett CL, Roberts CA. Parallelization of local BLAST service on workstation clusters. Futur Gener Comput Syst. 2001;17(6):745-54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-739X(00)00057-1
38. Thompson J, Higgins D, Gibson T. ClustalW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choise. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994;121(3):1007-9.
39. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33(7):1870-4.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
40. Agudelo-Flórez P, Londoño AF, Quiroz VH, Ángel JC, Moreno N, Loaiza ET, et al. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in urban rodents from a Groceries Trade Center of Medellín, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81(5):906-10.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0195
41. Dong H, Hu Y, Xue F, Sun D, Ojcius DM, Mao Y, et al. Characterization of the ompL1 gene of pathogenic Leptospira species in China and cross-immunogenicity of the OmpL1 protein. BMC Microbiol. 2008;8:1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-223
42. Dezhbord M, Esmaelizad M, Khaki P, Fotohi F, Moghaddam AZ. Molecular identification of the ompL1 gene within Leptospira interrogans standard serovars. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(6):688-93.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3174
43. Reitstetter RE. Development of species-specific PCR primer sets for the detection of Leptospira. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006;264(1):31-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00431.x
44. Fernandes LG V., Vieira ML, Kirchgatter K, Alves IJ, de Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, et al. OmpL1 Is an Extracellular Matrix- and Plasminogen-Interacting Protein of Leptospira spp. Infect Immun. 2012;80(10):3679-92.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00474-12
45. Vedhagiri K, Natarajaseenivasan K, Chellapandi P, Prabhakaran SG, Selvin J, Sharma S, et al. Evolutionary Implication of Outer Membrane Lipoprotein-Encoding Genes ompL1, UpL32 and lipL41 of Pathogenic Leptospira Species. Genomics, Proteomics Bioinforma. 2009;7(3):96-106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-0229(08)60038-8
46. Higuera LDT, Ortega DO, Bautista JLR, Burbano REP. Comparación de tres tratamientos para la crioconservación de serovares de Leptospira en nitrógeno líquido. Cienc Tecnol Agropecu. 2009 Jan;9(2):72-6.
https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol9_num2_art:120
47. Wangroongsarb P, Chanket T, Gunlabun K, Long DH, Satheanmethakul P, Jetanadee S, et al. Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. based on putative O-antigen polymerase gene (wzy), the benefit over 16S rRNA gene sequence. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007;271(2):170-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00711.x
48. Romero EC, Blanco RM, Galloway RL. Analysis of multilocus sequence typing for identification of Leptospira isolates in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(11):3940-2.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01119-11
49. Bourhy P, Collet L, Lernout T, Zinini F, Hartskeerl RA, Van Der Linden H, et al. Human Leptospira isolates circulating in Mayotte (Indian Ocean) have unique serological and molecular features. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(2):307-11.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.05931-11
50. Verma A, Soto E, Illanes O, Ghosh S, Fuentealba C. Detection and genotyping of Leptospira spp. From the kidneys of a seemingly healthy pig slaughtered for human consumption. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9(5):530-2.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5727
51. Rettinger A, Krupka I, Grünwald K, Dyachenko V, Fingerle V, Konrad R, et al. Leptospira spp. strain identification by MALDI TOF MS is an equivalent tool to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). BMC Microbiol. 2012;12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-185
52. Tian RM, Cai L, Zhang WP, Cao HL, Qian PY. Rare events of intragenusand intraspecies horizontal transfer of the 16S rRNA gene. Genome Biol Evol. 2015;7(8):2310-20.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv143
53. Tiley GP, Poelstra JW, dos Reis M, Yang Z, Yoder AD. Molecular Clocks without Rocks: New Solutions for Old Problems. Trends Genet. 2020;36(11):845-56.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.002
54. Kuo CH, Ochman H. Inferring clocks when lacking rocks: The variable rates of molecular evolution in bacteria. Biol Direct. 2009;4(September 2009):35.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-35
55. Bierque E, Thibeaux R, Girault D, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Goarant C. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):1-22.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227055
56. Cooper VS, Vohr SH, Wrocklage SC, Hatcher PJ. Why genes evolve faster on secondary chromosomes in bacteria. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010;6(4).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000732
2. Wuthiekanun V, Amornchai P, Paris DH, Langla S, Thaipadunpanit J, Chierakul W, et al. Rapid Isolation and Susceptibility Testing of Leptospira spp. Using a New Solid Medium, LVW Agar. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(1):297-302.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01812-12
3. Ferreira AS, Costa P, Rocha T, Amaro A, Vieira ML, Ahmed A, et al. Direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic Leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time PCR approach. PLoS One. 2014;9(11).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112312
4. Cerqueira GM, Picardeau M. A century of Leptospira strain typing. Infect Genet Evol. 2009;9(5):760-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.009
5. Balamurugan V, Gangadhar NL, Mohandoss N, Thirumalesh SRA, Dhar M, Shome R, et al. Characterization of leptospira isolates from animals and humans: Phylogenetic analysis identifies the prevalence of intermediate species in India. Springerplus. 2013;2(1):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-362
6. Mgode GF, Machang RS, Collares-pereira M, Vieira ML, Goris MG a, Engelbert M, et al. Challenges in determining the pathogenicity status of Leptospira isolates with phenotypic methods : The need for a polyvalent approach. African J Microbiol Res. 2010;4(23):2528-33.
7. Chang YF, Chen CS, Palaniappan RUM, He H, McDonough SP, Barr SC, et al. Immunogenicity of the recombinant leptospiral putative outer membrane proteins as vaccine candidates. Vaccine. 2007;25(48):8190-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.020
8. Boonsilp S, Thaipadungpanit J, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Bailey MS, Holden MTG, et al. A Single Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Scheme for Seven Pathogenic Leptospira Species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(1).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001954
9. Boonsilp S, Thaipadungpanit J, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Limmathurotsakul D, et al. Molecular detection and speciation of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in blood from patients with culture-negative leptospirosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11(1):338.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-338
10. Vincent AT, Schiettekatte O, Goarant C, Neela VK, Bernet E, Thibeaux R, et al. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 May 1;13(5).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007270
11. Masuzawa T, Saito M, Nakao R, Nikaido Y, Matsumoto M, Ogawa M, et al. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Leptospira johnsonii sp. nov., Leptospira ellinghausenii sp. nov. and Leptospira ryugenii sp. nov. isolated from soil and water in Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2019;63(3-4):89-99.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12671
12. Caimi K, Ruybal P. Leptospira spp., a genus in the stage of diversity and genomic data expansion. Infect Genet Evol. 2020;81(August 2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104241
13. Cilia, Giovanni; Bertelloni F, Albini S, Fratini F. Insight into the Epidemiology of Leptospirosis : A Review of. Animals. 2021;11(191):1-16.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010191
14. Guglielmini J, Bourhy P, Schiettekatte O, Zinini F, Brisse S, Picardeau M. Genus-wide Leptospira core genome multilocus sequence typing for strain taxonomy and global surveillance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(4):1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007374
15. Koval AA, Brihuega BF, Grune Loffler S, López S, Saint Martin M, Lagioia GG, et al. First isolation of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type Hardjo Bovis from a clinical case in cattle in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2020;52(3):198-201.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2019.10.002
16. Miller E, Barragan V, Chiriboga J, Weddell C, Luna L, Jiménez DJ, et al. Leptospira in river and soil in a highly endemic area of Ecuador. BMC Microbiol. 2021;21(1):1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-02069-y
17. Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Wilson P, Seemann T, McGrath A, Cullen PA, et al. Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2006;103(39):14560-5.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603979103
18. Ren SX, Fu G, Jiang XG, Zeng R, Miao YG, Xu H, et al. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature. 2003;422(6934):888-93.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01597
19. Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, et al. Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. PLoS One. 2008;3(2):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001607
20. Nascimento A, Ko A, Martins E, Monteiro B, Ho P, Haake D, et al. Comparative Genomics of Two Leptospira interrogans Serovars Reveals Novel Insights into Physiology and Pathogenesis. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(7):2164-72.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004
21. Haake DA, Chao G, Zuerner RL, Barnett JK, Barnett D, Mazel M, et al. The leptospiral major outer membrane protein LipL32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection. Infect Immun. 2000;68(4):2276-85.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.4.2276-2285.2000
22. Philip N, Garba B, Neela VK. Long-term preservation of Leptospira spp.: challenges and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(13):5427-35.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9047-9
23. Cerqueira GM, McBride AJ., Queiroz A, Pinto LS, Silva ÉF, Hartskeerl RA, et al. Monitoring Leptospira strain collections: The need for quality control. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82(1):83-7.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0558
24. Borrero R, Batista N, Blain K, Valdés Y. Conservación de cepas vacunales de Leptospira en nitrógeno líquido. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2010;62(2):130-7.
25. Borrero R, González A, del Puerto C, Batista N, Valdés Y. Conservación de cepas vacunales de Leptospira a -70 oC. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2006;58(1):50-5.
26. Kim M, Oh HS, Park SC, Chun J. Towards a taxonomic coherence between average nucleotide identity and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for species demarcation of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2014;64(PART 2):346-51.
https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059774-0
27. Morey RE, Galloway RL, Bragg SL, Steigerwalt AG, Mayer LW, Levett PN. Species-specific identification of Leptospiraceae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44(10):3510-6.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00670-06
28. Cerqueira GM, McBride AJA, Hartskeerl RA, Ahmed N, Dellagostin OA, Eslabão MR, et al. Bioinformatics describes novel loci for high resolution discrimination of Leptospira isolates. PLoS One. 2010;5(10).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015335
29. Haake DA, Suchard MA, Kelley MM, Dundoo M, Alt DP, Zuerner RL. Molecular evolution and mosaicism of leptospiral outer membrane proteins involves horizontal DNA transfer. J Bacteriol. 2004;186(9):2818-28.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.9.2818-2828.2004
30. Rajapakse S, Rodrigo C, Handunnetti SM, Fernando DD. Current immunological and molecular tools for leptospirosis: Diagnostics, vaccine design, and biomarkers for predicting severity. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2015;14(1):1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-014-0060-2
31. Feng CY, Li QT, Zhang XY, Dong K, Hu BY, Guo XK. Immune strategies using single-component LipL32 and multi-component recombinant LipL32-41-OmpL1 vaccines against leptospira. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2009;42(9):796-803.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000013
32. Lin X, Sun A, Ruan P, Zhang Z, Yan J. Characterization of conserved combined T and B cell epitopes in leptospira interrogans major outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41. BMC Microbiol. 2011;11(1):21.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-21
33. OIE. Leptospirosis. In: Terrestrial Manual. 2018. p. 503-16.
34. Fearnley C, Wakeley PR, Gallego-Beltran J, Dalley C, Williamson S, Gaudie C, et al. The development of a real-time PCR to detect pathogenic Leptospira species in kidney tissue. Res Vet Sci. 2008;85(1):8-16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.09.005
35. Suzuki MT, Giovannoni SJ. Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996;62(2):2-8.
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.2.625-630.1996
36. Rosario LA, Arencibia DF, Batista N, Jirón W, Suárez YE, Infante JF. Caracterización de aislamientos clínicos de leptospira por métodos fenotípicos y moleculares en la república de nicaragua. Vaccimonitor. 2012;21(3):6-12.
37. Braun RC, Pedretti KT, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Birkett CL, Roberts CA. Parallelization of local BLAST service on workstation clusters. Futur Gener Comput Syst. 2001;17(6):745-54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-739X(00)00057-1
38. Thompson J, Higgins D, Gibson T. ClustalW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choise. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994;121(3):1007-9.
39. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33(7):1870-4.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
40. Agudelo-Flórez P, Londoño AF, Quiroz VH, Ángel JC, Moreno N, Loaiza ET, et al. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in urban rodents from a Groceries Trade Center of Medellín, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81(5):906-10.
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0195
41. Dong H, Hu Y, Xue F, Sun D, Ojcius DM, Mao Y, et al. Characterization of the ompL1 gene of pathogenic Leptospira species in China and cross-immunogenicity of the OmpL1 protein. BMC Microbiol. 2008;8:1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-223
42. Dezhbord M, Esmaelizad M, Khaki P, Fotohi F, Moghaddam AZ. Molecular identification of the ompL1 gene within Leptospira interrogans standard serovars. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014;8(6):688-93.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3174
43. Reitstetter RE. Development of species-specific PCR primer sets for the detection of Leptospira. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006;264(1):31-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00431.x
44. Fernandes LG V., Vieira ML, Kirchgatter K, Alves IJ, de Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, et al. OmpL1 Is an Extracellular Matrix- and Plasminogen-Interacting Protein of Leptospira spp. Infect Immun. 2012;80(10):3679-92.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00474-12
45. Vedhagiri K, Natarajaseenivasan K, Chellapandi P, Prabhakaran SG, Selvin J, Sharma S, et al. Evolutionary Implication of Outer Membrane Lipoprotein-Encoding Genes ompL1, UpL32 and lipL41 of Pathogenic Leptospira Species. Genomics, Proteomics Bioinforma. 2009;7(3):96-106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-0229(08)60038-8
46. Higuera LDT, Ortega DO, Bautista JLR, Burbano REP. Comparación de tres tratamientos para la crioconservación de serovares de Leptospira en nitrógeno líquido. Cienc Tecnol Agropecu. 2009 Jan;9(2):72-6.
https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol9_num2_art:120
47. Wangroongsarb P, Chanket T, Gunlabun K, Long DH, Satheanmethakul P, Jetanadee S, et al. Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. based on putative O-antigen polymerase gene (wzy), the benefit over 16S rRNA gene sequence. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007;271(2):170-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00711.x
48. Romero EC, Blanco RM, Galloway RL. Analysis of multilocus sequence typing for identification of Leptospira isolates in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(11):3940-2.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01119-11
49. Bourhy P, Collet L, Lernout T, Zinini F, Hartskeerl RA, Van Der Linden H, et al. Human Leptospira isolates circulating in Mayotte (Indian Ocean) have unique serological and molecular features. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(2):307-11.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.05931-11
50. Verma A, Soto E, Illanes O, Ghosh S, Fuentealba C. Detection and genotyping of Leptospira spp. From the kidneys of a seemingly healthy pig slaughtered for human consumption. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9(5):530-2.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5727
51. Rettinger A, Krupka I, Grünwald K, Dyachenko V, Fingerle V, Konrad R, et al. Leptospira spp. strain identification by MALDI TOF MS is an equivalent tool to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). BMC Microbiol. 2012;12.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-185
52. Tian RM, Cai L, Zhang WP, Cao HL, Qian PY. Rare events of intragenusand intraspecies horizontal transfer of the 16S rRNA gene. Genome Biol Evol. 2015;7(8):2310-20.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv143
53. Tiley GP, Poelstra JW, dos Reis M, Yang Z, Yoder AD. Molecular Clocks without Rocks: New Solutions for Old Problems. Trends Genet. 2020;36(11):845-56.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.002
54. Kuo CH, Ochman H. Inferring clocks when lacking rocks: The variable rates of molecular evolution in bacteria. Biol Direct. 2009;4(September 2009):35.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-4-35
55. Bierque E, Thibeaux R, Girault D, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Goarant C. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):1-22.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227055
56. Cooper VS, Vohr SH, Wrocklage SC, Hatcher PJ. Why genes evolve faster on secondary chromosomes in bacteria. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010;6(4).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000732
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.
Horario: Lunes a Viernes: 8:00 a.m. a 5:00 p.m
