Intercambio, cuidado y ser humano: chamanismo y el ritual haaihí jëeu nʌm entre los wounaan de Panamá
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Velásques Runk, J. (2020). Intercambio, cuidado y ser humano: chamanismo y el ritual haaihí jëeu nʌm entre los wounaan de Panamá. Tabula Rasa, (36), 151-176. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.n36.06
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Julia Velásques Runk
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El trabajo etnográfico sobre los wounaan, a menudo agrupados erróneamente con los embera, ha puesto énfasis en el chamanismo. Hoy los wounaan consideran el ritual de suplicar al creador, haaihí jëeu nʌm, como el más importante. Combinando los estudios indígenas con la literatura sobre ontología sostengo que los rituales chamánicos y haaihí jëeu nʌm operan como un requisito del intercambio moral requerido entre los reinos de realidad humanos y no humanos. Basada en más de veinte años de investigación socioambiental con la aprobación de las autoridades y comunidades wounaan, utilizo las tradiciones orales y la observación participante. Muestro cómo los rituales son parte de intercambios que permiten cuidar el bienestar de los wounaan, otros seres y su entorno. El cuidado encarnado y experto es fundamental para los rituales y hace énfasis en nutrir a los antepasados, las personas, los espíritus y otros seres no humanos. Concluyo con un llamado a los wounaan para que exploren la complejidad sociolingüística de sus tradiciones orales y rituales con el fin de corregir las simplificaciones ontológicas.
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Halbmayer, E. (2020a). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonía and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of Isthmo-Colombian region.London: Routledge.
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Howe, N. (2019). Retelling trickster in Naapi’s language. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
Justice, D. H. (2018). Why Indigenous literatures matter. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Kaviany, S. (2020). Plant ontologies among the Bribri of Talamanca, Costa Rica. En E. Halbmayer (Ed.). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonia and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of the Isthmo-Colombian region, (pp.279-302). London: Routledge.
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Domicó, J. J., Hoyos, J. J., & Turbay, S. (2002). Janyama : un aprendiz de jaibaná. Medellín: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.
Douglas, M. (1990). No free gifts. En M. Mauss (Ed.), The gift: The form and reason for intercambio in archaic societies (pp.vii-xvii). New York: WW Norton.
Fausto, C. & Rodgers, D. (1999). Of enemies and pets: warfare and shamanism in Amazonia. American Ethnologist, 26(4), 933-956. https://www.jstor.org/stable/647238
Fausto, C. (2012). Too many owners: Mastery and ownership in Amazonía. En M. Brightman, V. E. Grotti, & O. Ulturgasheva (Eds.). Animism in rainforest and tundra: Personhood, animals, plants and things in contemporary Amazonia and Siberia, (pp.29-47). New York: Berghahn Books.
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Geniusz, M. S. (2015). Plants have so much to give us, all we have to do is ask: Anishinaabe botanical teachings. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Godelier, M. (1999). The enigma of the gift (N. Scott, trad.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Goletz, A. (2020). Tuwancha, “the One Who Knows”: specialista and specialized knowledge in the transhuman communication among the Sokorpa Yukpa of the Serranía del Perijá, Colombia. In E. Halbmayer (Ed.). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonia and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of Isthmo-Colombian region (pp.205-233). London: Routledge.
Gordon, C. (2016). Ownership and well-being among the Mebengokre-Xikrin: Differentiation and ritual crises. En M. Brightman, C. Fausto, & V. Grotti (Eds.). Ownership and nurture: Studies in native Amazonian property relations (pp.209-231). New York: Berghahn Books.
Gow, P. (1994). River people: chamanismo and history in Western Amazonia. En N. Thomas & C. Humphrey (Eds.). Shamanism, history and the State (pp.90-113). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Halbmayer, E. (2012a). Amerindian mereology: Animism, analogy, and the multiverse. Indiana, 29, 103-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18441/ind.v29i0.103-125
Halbmayer, E. (2012b). Debating animism, perspectivism and the construction of ontologies. Special Journal Issue, Indiana, 29, 9-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18441/ind.v29i0.9-23
Halbmayer, E. (2019). Amerindian sociocosmologies of Northwestern South America. Some reflections on the dead, metamorphosis, and religious specialists. Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 24(1), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12381
Halbmayer, E. (2020a). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonía and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of Isthmo-Colombian region.London: Routledge.
Halbmayer, E. (2020b). Introduction: Towards and anthropological understanding of the area between the Andes, Mesoamerica, and the Amazon. En E. Halbmayer (Ed.). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonia and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of Isthmo-Colombian region, (pp.3-34). London: Routledge.
Harris, L. D., & Wasilewski, J. (2004). Indigeneity, an alternative worldview: Four R’s (relationship, responsibility, reciprocity, redistribution) vs. two P’s (power and profit). Sharing the journey towards conscious evolution. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 21(5), 489-503. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.631
Hernández Castillo, R. A., Hutchings, S., & Noble, B. (2019). Transcontinental dialogues: Activist alliances with indigneous peoples of Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
High, C. (2012). Shamans, animals and enemies: Human and non-human agency in an Amazonian cosmos of alterity. En M. Brightman, V. E. Grotti, & O. Ulturgasheva (Eds.). Animism in rainforest and tundra: Personhood in animals, plants, and things in contemporary Amazonia and Siberia, (pp.130-145). New York: Berghahn Books.
Howe, N. (2019). Retelling trickster in Naapi’s language. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
Justice, D. H. (2018). Why Indigenous literatures matter. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Kaviany, S. (2020). Plant ontologies among the Bribri of Talamanca, Costa Rica. En E. Halbmayer (Ed.). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonia and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of the Isthmo-Colombian region, (pp.279-302). London: Routledge.
Kimmerer, R. W. (2013). Braiding sweetgrass: Indigenous knowledge, scientific wisdom, and the teachings of plants. Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions.
Lapovsky Kennedy, E. (1972). The Waunan of the Siguirisua river: A study of individual autonomy and social responsibility with special reference to the economic aspects. (Doctoral Thesis). University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Leyva, X., Jorge, A., Hernández, R. A., Escobar, A., Köhler, A., Cumes, A., Mignolo, W. (2015). Prácticas otras de conocimiento(s): entre crisis, entre guerras. Buenos Aires: Clacso.
Loewen, J. A. (1985). Developing moralnets: Twenty-five years of culture and change among the Choco. En D. L. Whiteman (Ed.). Missionaries, anthropology, and cultural change (part I) (Vol. publication number 25, pp.229-261). Department of Anthropology, Williamsburg: College of William and Mary.
Machado Caicedo, M. L. (2011). La escultura sagrada chocó en el contexto de la memoria de la estética de África y su diáspora: ritual y arte. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Marker, M. (2003). Indigenous voice, community and epistemic violence: The ethnographer’s “interests” and what “interests” the ethnographer. Qualitative Studies in Education, 16(3), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951839032000086736
Martínez Mauri, M. (2019). What makes the Gunas dules? Reflections on the interiority and the physicality of people, humans, and nonhumans. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 24(1), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12310
Martínez Mauri, M. (2020). Things, life, and humans in Guna Yala (Panama): Talking about molagana and nudsugana inside and outside Guna society. En E. Halbmayer (Ed.). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonia and Mesoamerica: Towards an anthropological understanding of the Isthmo-Colombian area, (pp.257-278). London: Routledge.
Mauss, M. (1990 [1923]). The gift: The form and reason for exchange in Archaic societies. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc.
Meide, C. (1995, 27 April 1995). The dugout canoe in the Americas: An archaeological, ethnohistorical, and structural overview. Tallahassee: Florida State University.
Niño Vargas, J. C. (2020). An Amerindian humanism: Order and transformation in Chibchan universes. En E. Halbmayer (Ed.). Amerindian socio-cosmologies between the Andes, Amazonia and Mesoamerica : Toward an anthropological understanding of the Isthmo-Colombian Area, , (pp.37-60). London: Routledge.
Nordenskiöld, E. (1927). The Choco Indians of Colombia and Panama. Discovery, 8(95), 347-350.
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