Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells: novel therapy against cancer
Células asesinas naturales con el receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR-NK): terapia emergente contra el cáncer
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One of the novel and effective devices against leukemia and solid tumors in adoptive immunotherapies is the use of the chimeric antigen receptor “CAR”. CAR technology has been widely used in T-cells (CAR-T cells) empowering its efficacy on the identification and elimination of tumor cells, getting today certain drugs based on this technology. Nevertheless, CAR-T cells can have a negative impact on patient health, causing in many cases immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). As a consequence, the patient will have to be hospitalized for the duration
of therapy. Moreover, the cost of manufacture and therapy is quite expensive, limiting its use to a low range of people. On the other hand, we analyze the advantages of Natural Killer cells with the CAR receptor (CAR-NK), which have many plusses over CAR-T cells. CAR-NK cells retain their cytotoxic abilities against tumor cells due their activator/ inhibitor receptors balance. Thus, the CAR receptor technology just increases their skills and persistence. Furthermore, CAR-NK therapy could be more profitable since CAR-NK can eliminate multiple tumor cells without generating collateral damage on patient health. Here, we discuss the characteristics of the multiples CAR receptors in general and the NK types cells that have been used in trials demonstrating their viable emerging therapy (NK92, cord and peripheral blood NK cells, and iPSC-derived NK cells).
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