Fisiopatología y alteraciones clínicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Revisión de literatura
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Jerez Fernández, C., Medina Pereira, Y., Ortiz Chang, A., González Olmedo, S., & Aguirre Gaete, M. (2022). Fisiopatología y alteraciones clínicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. NOVA, 20(38). https://doi.org/10.22490/24629448.6184
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Autores
Cristhian Ignacio Jerez Fernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-8616
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-8616
Yerko Alexis Medina Pereira
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-5648
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-5648
Amanda Sofía Ortiz Chang
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-172X
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4810-172X
Simón Ignacio González Olmedo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-5371
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-5371
Melany Candy Aguirre Gaete
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-2806
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-2806
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 constituye una condición clínica debilitante, degenerativa y multifacética de alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Dada la complejidad de su fisiopatología y las variadas opciones terapéuticas que existen esta enfermedad presenta un desafío para el médico general, se hace imperativo describir comprensiblemente esta patología para mejorar la resolutividad de ésta en atención primaria. Tras una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de 103 estudios publicados hasta el año 2010, se identificaron los aspectos más importantes tanto de la fisiología, fisiopatología, complicaciones y terapéuticas de esta patología. La resistencia a la insulina (RI) es una condición metabólica central en la etiopatogenia de esta patología donde se logra reconocer de manera clásica tanto la pérdida de la acción periférica de la insulina por parte de los diferentes tejidos, así como defectos en la secreción de insulina conllevando estados de hiperglucemia constantes asociados tanto a complicaciones agudas como crónicas caracterizadas por provocar disfunción y fallo en diferentes órganos. Es de conocimiento general que parte importante de los resultados en el manejo de esta patología se logran con cambios en el estilo de vida que van desde modificaciones en la dieta a cambios en el patrón de actividad física con pérdida de peso corporal. No obstante, existe a su vez una amplia gama de terapias farmacológicas orientadas a controlar estados hiperglucémicos ante la falla de la terapia no farmacológica. Dentro de este mismo contexto varias son las dianas y objetivos terapéuticos en el tratamiento del diabético tipo 2, sin embargo, todas confluyen en el control metabólico de los estados de hiperglucemia y la prevención de sus complicaciones.
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NOVA por http://www.unicolmayor.edu.co/publicaciones/index.php/nova se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.
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