El Deterioro Cognitivo como una complicación de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
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Matar Khalil, S., & Sandoval, F. C. (2021). El Deterioro Cognitivo como una complicación de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. NOVA, 19(37), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.22490/10.22490/24629448.5473
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Shadye Rocio Matar Khalil
Fabio Camilo Rubio Sandoval
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Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad compleja que impacta la salud pública debido a su alta prevalencia, el costo que implica y complicaciones asociadas como lo es la alteración cognitiva. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de tema consultando literatura nacional e internacional en bases de datos de ciencias sociales y ciencias de la salud entre los años 1990-2019 que exponen la posible asociación entre la diabetes mellitus y deterioro cognitivo, así como las posibles rutas que lo conllevan. Resultados: La literatura consultada plantea una relación entre la diabetes mellitus y complicaciones del sistema nervioso central, lesiones neurológicas, deficiencias en la capacidad de atención, pérdida de la memoria, deterioro cognitivo, un considerable incremento en el riesgo de desarrollar demencia y demencia tipo Alzheimer, sin embargo, no se evidencia un consenso en el grado de afectación que pueda tener sobre los procesos cognitivos. Conclusiones: La naturaleza progresiva tanto de la diabetes mellitus, así como el riesgo vascular asociado, sugieren la necesidad de realizar prevención del deterioro cognitivo en pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus, a partir de una evaluación integral que incluya pruebas neuropsicológicas dentro de los exámenes de rutina
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2. Ogurtsova K; da Rocha-Fernandes J; Huang Y; Linnenkamp U; Guariguata L; Cho N; et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Jun; 128:40-50. https://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168-8227(17)30375-3/fulltext
3. Organización Mundial de la Salud - OMS. Informe mundial sobre la diabetes. Ginebra, Suiza; 2016. Disponibel en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254649/9789243565255-spa.pdf;jsessionid=3D676CEB4FC964428007FCD1B1EFD8E8?sequence=1
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5. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, y Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación - Colciencias. Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la población mayor de 18 años, Guía No. GPC-2015-51. Bogotá; 2016. Disponible en:
6. http://gpc.minsalud.gov.co/gpc_sites/Repositorio/Conv_637/GPC_diabetes/Guia_Diabetes_Profesionales_Tipo_2.pdf
7. Murray RK, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennelly PJ, Rodwell VW, Weil PA. Harper Bioquímica ilustrada. 28ª edición. México: McGRAW-Hill Interamericana Editores, S.A; 2010. pp. 131-142.
8. American Diabetes Association - ADA. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(1):S62–S69. Disponible en: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/34/Supplement_1/
9. Asociación Panamericana de Oftalmología – APAO; Programa Visión 2020/IAPB Latinoamérica; Consejo Internacional de Oftalmología - ICO. Actualización de la Guía clínica de Retinopatía Diabética para Latinoamérica. Buenos Aires; 2016. Disponible en: https://oftalmologos.org.ar/noticias/620-actualizacion-de-la-guia-de-retinopatia-diabetica.
10. Campuzano-Maya MG; Latorre-Sierra G. La HbA1c en el diagnóstico y en el manejo de la diabetes. Medicina & Laboratorio, 2010; 16:211-241. https://biblat.unam.mx/hevila/Medicinalaboratorio/2010/vol16/no5-6/1.
11. Miles WR; Root HF. Psychologic tests applied to diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med, 1992; 30(6):767–777. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/534090
12. Dejgaard A; Gade A; Larsson H; Balle V; Parving A; Parving H. Evidence for diabetic encephalopathy. Diabet Med. 1991; 8(2):162–167. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14645491/1991/8/2
13. Gaudieri PA; Chen R; Greer TF; Holmes CS. Cognitive function in children with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2008; 31(9):1892–1897. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/31/9/1892.short#aff-1
14. Lu FP; Lin KP; Kuo HK. Diabetes and the risk of multi-system aging phenotypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2009; 4(1), e4144. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004144
15. Cheng G; Huang C; Deng H; Wang H. Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Intern Med J. 2012; 42(5):484-91. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14455994/2012/42/5
16. Nooyens A; Baan CA; Spijkerman A; Verschuren WM. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline in middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(9):1964-9. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/9/1964
17. Stratton IM; Adler AI; Neil HAW; Mattews DR; Manley SE; Cull CA; et al. Association of glucaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Propspective observational study. BMJ. 2000; 321:405-12. https://www.bmj.com/content/321/7258/405
18. Testa R; Bonfigli AR; Prattichizzo F; La Sala L; De Nigris V; Ceriello A. The "Metabolic Memory" Theory and the Early Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Prevention of Diabetic Complications. Nutrients. 2017; 9(5):437. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/5/437
19. Gorska-Ciebiada M; Saryusz-Wolska M; Borkowska A; Ciebiada M; Loba J. (2015). C-Reactive Protein, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Their Receptor in Type 2 Diabetic, Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2015; 7:209. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00209/full
20. Ho N; Sommers MS; Lucki I. Effects of Diabetes on Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Links to Cognition and Depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013; 37(8): 1346–1362. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763413000705
21. McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006; 8(4):367–381 https://www.dialogues-cns.org/contents-8-4/
22. McNay EC; Recknagel AK. Brain insulin signaling. A key componet of cognitive processes and a potential basis for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011; 96(3):432-442. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1074742711001493
23. Li W; Huang E. An update on type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia. J. Alzheimers. Dis. 2016; 53(2): 393-402. https://www.j-alz.com/vol53-2
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